Fig. 9

Imaging system using metalens: a Schematic of see-through near-eye display using metalens (ML), dichroic mirrors (DMs), beam splitter (BS), LCP, and RCP. b Schematic of operation principle of a metalens according to the incident direction of CP light and when combined with a circular polarizer. c Augmented reality (AR) images that combine a real object and virtual information and virtual reality (VR) images that only show virtual information with a fabricated achromatic metalens with NA = 0.106. a-c are reproduced with permission [128] (Copyright 2018, Springer Nature). d (left) Conventional CMOS image sensor (CIS) with microlenses and color filters and (right) CIS with full-color routing metalens. e SEM image of full-color routing metalens and a schematic of a multiplex unit cell. f Schematic of metalens causing the convergence of incident light at an arbitrary location F. O: center of metalens, B: arbitrary position on metalens surface, A: vertical projection point from focal point F onto metalens surface. d-f are reproduced with permission [100] (Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society). g (top) Schematic of conventional setup. WP : waveplate, PD : photodetector. (bottom) schematic of using metasurface. h Schematic diagram of a supercell with different polarization focus at different points. g and h are reproduced with permission [149] (Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society)