Fig. 3

Schematic of strategies for LNP-based mRNA delivery. This diagram displays various approaches to LNP-based mRNA delivery, including: (1) Antigen presentation—delivery of mRNA encoding TAAs to be presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs); (2) Antigen receptor—delivery of mRNA encoding CARs or TCRs for T cell activation; (3) Adjuvant—the mRNA can encode factors that activate TLR3/7/8 or STING, amplifying immune responses; (4) Protein—delivery of mRNA encoding therapeutic proteins, such as cytokines or antibodies, for direct anti-cancer effects