Table 1 Summary of common organic nanomaterials and their applications

Liposomes

HSPC, cholesterol, SP-PEG3400-DSPE, mPEG2000-DSPE

Brain-targeted drug delivery

[37]

DPPC, DSPE-mPEG, DSPE-PEG-Mal, cholesterol

Molecular imaging

[38]

DOTAP, cholesterol, DP7-C

mRNA vaccine

[39]

Lipid nanoparticles

SOPC, PEG-DMG, cholesterol, DLin-KC2-DMA

Gene therapy

[40]

ALC-0315, ALC-0159, DSPC, cholesterol

Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine

[41]

SM-102, PEG2000-DMG, DSPC, cholesterol

Moderna Covid-19 vaccine

[41]

Polymeric nanoparticles

PEI, PEG2000, hyperbranched bis-MPA polyester

Gene editing therapy

[42]

Chitosan, ascorbic acid, penta-sodium tripolyphosphate

Cervical cancer therapy

[43]

Poly (CBA-co-4-amino-1-butanol) (pABOL)

Self-amplifying mRNA delivery

[44]

Dendrimers

PAMAM, TNBSA

Breast cancer therapy

[45]

PPI-m OS G4, Ara-CTP

Drug delivery

[46]

PLLD-G4, HPG-C18

Gene delivery, Drug delivery

[47]

Micelles

GE11 peptide, SPION, chitosan oligosaccharide

MRI diagnosis

[48]

mPEG-PDLA

Cancer therapy

[49]