Table 3 Summary of common microneedle types and their applications
From: Microneedle-mediated nanomedicine to enhance therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy
Microneedles | Materials | Applications | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
Solid microneedles | Silicon | Targeted epidermal delivery | [135] |
Titanium | Transdermal drug delivery | [136] | |
Silicon, aurum | Transdermal glucose monitor | [137] | |
Silicon, aurum | Breast cancer biomarker detection | [138] | |
Coated microneedles | Microneedles: titanium Coated layer: desmopressin | Transdermal drug delivery | [139] |
Microneedles: silicon Coated layer: recombinant adenovirus and modified vaccinia virus Ankara | Transcutaneous virus delivery | [140] | |
Microneedles: stainless steel (304) Coated layer: 5-aminolevulinic acid | Photodynamic therapy | [141] | |
Microneedles: poly(L-lactide) Coated layer: peptide nucleic acid-alginate | Skin interstitial fluid sensor | [142] | |
Dissolvable microneedles | Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) | Electrotherapy and drug delivery | [143] |
Gelatin methacryloyl | Intestinal macromolecule delivery | [144] | |
Hyaluronic acid (HA) | Transdermal drug delivery | [145] | |
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) | Buccal macromolecule delivery | [146] | |
Hollow microneedles | Nickel | Insulin delivery | [147] |
Silicon | Hydrodynamic gene delivery | [148] | |
PLGA | Transdermal vaccine delivery | [149] | |
Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) | Dermal interstitial fluid sensor | [150] |