Figure 5

Various inorganic nanowires for controlling and monitoring cell behaviors. (A) A SEM image of NIH3T3 fibroblasts on ZnO NWs with a poor adhesion compared to the flat ZnO surface (reproduced from ref. 55 with permission, © Elsevier). (B) A SEM image of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts grown on ZnO nanoflowers with an enhanced adhesion compared to the flat ZnO surface. Lamellipodia and filopodia were indicated with pink and red arrowheads, respectively (reproduced from ref. 57 with permission, © Wiley-VCH). (C) Neurons grown on vertically-grown GaP NWs (reproduced from ref. 59 with permission, © American Chemical Society). (D) The forces of a neural growth cone measured with the four GaP NWs (circles using the same color coding in the inset image). The black curve corresponds to the noise obtained by measuring the deflection of a nanowire that was not in contact with a cell (the white circle in inset image). The inset image shows neural growth cone on vertically-ordered GaP NW arrays. A scale bar is 1 μm (reproduced from ref. 58 with permission, © American Chemical Society). (E) An optical micrograph image of the cells internalized by Ni NWs. Ni NWs transported by an external magnetic field to the gap between the ferromagnetic electrode and the gold electrode (reproduced from ref. 62 with permission, © Springer). (F) Phase contrast images of differentiated stem cells on a flat RGD-treated gold surface (left) and on RGD-treated Au NWs (right). Oil red O staining was used for visualizing adipogenic differentiation (reproduced from ref. 63 with permission, © Royal Society of Chemistry).