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Table 1 List of subcellular organelles and their functions

From: Designer nanoparticle: nanobiotechnology tool for cell biology

Subcellular Organelles

Isolation techniques

Cell wall

Gradient centrifugation

Chloroplast

Gradient centrifugation antibody based pull-down assay, SPMNPS: Tag-anti-tag; Antibody conjugated; Biotin-streptavidin

Cilia and flagella

Gradient centrifugation Antibody based pull-down assay; Tag-anti-tag; Antibody conjugated; Biotin-streptavidin

Cytoplasm

Gradient centrifugation antibody based pull-down assay; Tag-anti-tagged; Antibody conjugated; Biotin-streptavidin tagged SPMNPs

Cytoskeleton

Gradient centrifugation antibody based pull-down assay; Tag-anti-tagged; Antibody conjugated; Biotin-streptavidin SPMNPs

Early endosomes

Gradient centrifugation SPMNP isolation assay antibody based pull-down assay; Biotin-streptavidin tagged SPMNPs; antibody-SPMNPs; Negatively charged lipid-SPMNPs

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)—rough or smooth

Gradient centrifugation antibody based pull-down assay; Tag-anti-tag; Antibody conjugated; Biotin-streptavidin tagged SPMNPs

Golgi apparatus

Gradient centrifugation antibody based pull-down assay; Tag-anti-tagged; Antibody conjugated; Biotin-streptavidin tagged SPMNPs

Late endosomes

Gradient centrifugation SPMNP isolation assay; Biotin-streptavidin; antibody-SPMNPs; Negatively charged SPMNPs

Multi-vesicular bodies

Gradient centrifugation SPMNP isolation assay; antibody based pull-down assay; Biotin-streptavidin; antibody-SPMNPs

Nucleus

Gradient centrifugation antibody based pull-down assay; Tag-anti-tagged; Antibody conjugated; Biotin-streptavidin

Peroxisomes

Gradient centrifugation antibody based pull-down assay; Tag-anti-tagged; Antibody conjugated; Biotin-streptavidin tagged SPMNPs

Phagosomes

Gradient centrifugation SPMNP isolation assay Antibody based pull-down assay; Biotin-streptavidin; antibody SPMNPs

Lysosomes

Gradient centrifugation SPMNP isolation assay Antibody based pull-down assay; Biotin-streptavidin tagged SPMNPs; antibody

Plasma Membrane or Cell Membrane

Gradient centrifugation; Cationic silica beads; SPMNP isolation; antibody conjugated; Biotin-Streptavidin; lectin–SPMNPs

Ribosomes

Gradient centrifugation; pull -down assay; anti-S10/anti–EF-Tu-SPMNPs; Biotin-streptavidin; antibody- SPMNPs

Lipid rafts

Gradient centrifugation antibody based pull-down assay; Tag-antitagged-SPMNPs; Biotin-streptavidin; protein conjugated magnetic isolation

Secretory granules or vesicles

Gradient centrifugation antibody based pull-down assay; Tag-antitagged SPMNPs; Biotin-streptavidin-SPMNPs

Synaptosomes

Gradient centrifugation antibody based pull-down assay; Tag-anti-tag SPMNPs; Antibody conjugated; Biotin-streptavidin SPMNPs

Vacuoles

Gradient centrifugation; antibody based pull-down assay; antibody conjugated magnetic nanoparticles

Mitochondria

Gradient centrifugation; pull-down assay; antibody conjugated SPMNPs; Tag-anti-tagged; Antibody conjugated; Biotin-streptavidin; Anti-TOM22 antibody tagged SPMNPs