Fig. 2
Reactivity of NPs under physiological fluidic conditions. a A “Trojan horse” delivery of Au-NPs conjugated with poly-thymine encapsulated inside the mouse intestinal stem cell-derived organoids. Reproduced with permission [51]. Copyright 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry. b Effect of shear stress on the uptake of anti-ICAM-1/NPs by endothelial cells experienced with static (i.e. no flow) or fluidic condition (shear stress, 4 dyne/cm2) at 37 °C for 2 h with TNF-α-containing culture medium. Arrows indicate the internalized FITC-labeled anti-ICAM-1/NPs (green) in the HUVEC. Arrowheads show the non-internalized anti-ICAM-1/NPs (red). A graph shows the quantification of internalized anti-ICAM-1/NPs under static versus fluidic conditions. Scale bar 10 µm. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Reproduced with permission [63]. Copyright 2011, Elsevier. c Toxicity test of ZnO and TiO2 NPs against lung cancer A549 cells in static and fluidic conditions (10 dyne/cm2). *p < 0.05. Reproduced with permission [19]. Copyright 2015, Springer