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Table 4 Enzyme-responsive functionalities

From: Design, challenge, and promise of stimuli-responsive nanoantibiotics

Type

Example

Activity

Current application

References

Proteases

Pyroglutamyl-peptidase I (Staphylococcus aureus)

Cytosolic hydrolysis of terminal amino groups

Diagnosis, protein sequence analysis, antibody target

[58, 59, 99–80]

Lipases

PAL (Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

Hydrolysis of glycerol esters

Synthesis of industrial compounds

[100, 101]

Glycosidases

EndoS (Streptococcus pyogenes)

Modulating the IgG effector functions

Immunomodulation, glycan analysis

[102–104]

Urease

UreA, UreB (Helicobacter pylori)

Conversion of urea to ammonia, neutralization of pH

Taxonomic identification, vaccine candidate

[105–107]

Glucose oxidase

GOx

Catalysis of glucose oxidation

Food processing, antibacterial, antifungal

[108–111]

Peroxidase

KatG (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

Activates isoniazid, a frontline anti-TB drug

Proteomics, diagnostics

[112–116]

Esterase

ADP1 (Acinetobacter sp.)

Carbamate and ester cleavage

Drug abuse treatment, biocatalysis

[117, 118]

Amidase

AmpD (Citrobacter freundii)

Amide cleavage, cell wall recycling

Diagnostics

[119–121]