Fig. 2

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). a Nanoscale AuNP-based optical biosensors for monitoring the interaction between amyloid-β derived diffusible ligands and specific antibodies. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [51]. Copyright (2005) American Chemical Society. b Layer-by-layer coating of AuNPs on electrodes for improved interfacial impedance and charge storage capacity. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [52]. Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society. c Schematic (left) for AuNPs (red) perfused over a patch-clamped DRG neuron through one side, then washed with fresh buffer to remove the NPs. Representative traces (right) of current-clamped DRG cells firing action potentials in response to current injections (blue bars) and 532-nm green light pulses (green pulse). Cells are responsive to current injection, and a bolus of AuNPs sensitized the cells to light stimulation. Reprinted from Ref. [53]. Copyright (2015), with permission from Elsevier