Fig. 4From: The nanomaterial toolkit for neuroengineeringMagnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs). a Experimental scheme (left) showing magnetothermal deep brain stimulation using MNPs to open temperature-sensitive TRPV ion channels. Transmission electron microscopy image (right) showing the size and distribution of the MNPs. b Color maps of fluorescence intensity changes for TRPV1− and TRPV1+ cells before and during magnetic field exposure in the presence of MNPs. From Ref. [71]. Reprinted with permission from AAASBack to article page