Fig. 4From: Mechanical properties of paraformaldehyde-treated individual cells investigated by atomic force microscopy and scanning ion conductance microscopy a Optical image of AFM tips positioning on the target cell. b Typical force-separation curve for a fixed cell (4% PFA-treated cell), live cell, and solid substrate. Compared to live cells, the slope of fixed cells approach curve is steeper, indicating a significantly larger Young’s modulus for fixed cellsBack to article page