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Table 7 Photovoltaic performance of (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9, (CH3NH3)3Sb2I9, (CH3NH3)3SbBiI9 photon harvesting layer based mesoscopic normal and inverted planar architecture solar cells

From: Lead-free perovskite solar cells using Sb and Bi-based A3B2X9 and A3BX6 crystals with normal and inverse cell structures

Photo-layer

Architecture

Scan direction

Efficiency/%

Jsc/mAcm−2

Voc/V

FF

(CH3NH3)3Bi2I9

Normal

Rev

0.21 (0.22)

0.40 (0.38)

0.64 (0.68)

0.81 (0.88)

  

Fwd

0.07 (0.06)

0.29 (0.26)

0.53 (0.53)

0.45 (0.43)

(CH3NH3)3Bi2I9

Inverted

Rev

0.00 (0.00)

0.27 (0.30)

0.00 (0.00)

–

  

Fwd

0.00 (0.00)

0.22 (0.25)

0.00 (0.00)

–

(CH3NH3)3Sb2I9

Normal

Rev

0.080 (0.095)

0.25 (0.30)

0.45 (0.45)

0.70 (0.69)

  

Fwd

0.057 (0.07)

0.21 (0.26)

0.43 (0.42)

0.62 (0.61)

(CH3NH3)3Sb2I9

Inverted

Rev

0.058 (0.061)

0.45 (0.43)

0.38 (0.38)

0.36 (0.37)

  

Fwd

0.057 (0.055)

0.45 (0.42)

0.36 (0.35)

0.35 (0.35)

(CH3NH3)3SbBiI9

Normal

Rev

0.099 (0.11)

0.27 (0.31)

0.59 (0.57)

0.64 (0.62)

  

Fwd

0.067 (0.084)

0.23 (0.29)

0.55 (0.54)

0.55 (0.52)

(CH3NH3)3SbBiI9

Inverted

Rev

0.05 (0.10)

0.44 (0.46)

0.32 (0.50)

0.34 (0.44)

  

Fwd

0.06 (0.11)

0.44 (0.46)

0.34 (0.52)

0.35 (0.47)

  1. Data shown here represent the average of three independent solar cell parameters. Best representative photovoltaic parameters are shown in the bracket