Fig. 5

COMSOL simulation results of device functionality. a Reflection spectra of the device at voltage bias = 0, 3, 6 and 9 V. The minimum of reflection was near λ = 2.56 μm at 0 V, and moved 50 nm to the blue at 9 V. b Magnified plot near λ = 2.56 μm. c Calculated rate of reflectance change based on (a). The rate is defined by the reflectance variation divided by the unbiased reflection at each λ, which reaches up to 5.16 near λ = 2.56 μm. d Calculated unbiased reflectance result depending on the incident polarization direction from 0° to 45°. The reflectance seldom changes regardless of polarization direction because of the symmetry of our metasurface pattern design