Fig. 6
From: Theoretical insights into selective electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide
(a–c Reproduced with permission from [51], copyright 2017 Nature Publishing Group. d Reproduced with permission from [52], copyright 2018 Nature Publishing Group)
The electrochemical CO2 reduction properties of metal-incorporated N-doped carbon (M–N–C) catalysts. a, b The FEs of M–N–C (M = Mn, Co, Fe, Ni and Cu) at various potentials. c Free energy diagrams for the HER (dashed paths) and CO2RR (solid paths) at − 0.8 V vs. RHE for each M–N–C catalyst. d The schematics of CO2 activation process on the Ni(I) site. The red arrow indicates that electron transfer occurs from the Ni(I) to adsorbed CO2