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Fig. 3 | Nano Convergence

Fig. 3

From: Nanocomposite hydrogel actuators hybridized with various dimensional nanomaterials for stimuli responsiveness enhancement

Fig. 3

a Images of the bending process in the magnetic field of the ferrogel (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [45], © 2009, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, Wiley Periodicals). b A cantilever actuator made of magnetic hydrogel (left) and its demonstration of the magnetic responses with 20% IONPs content (right). (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [37], © 2015, The Royal Society of Chemistry). c Schematic of the crawling motion of the hydrogel actuator under the AMF, similar to that of maggots. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [46], © 2017, The Authors; published by Springer Nature). d Demonstration of the magnetic actuator showing sequential movement of the microlooper. The movement of the magnetic actuator possesses two different magnetic axes. Therefore, it actuates in a zigzag conformation when the magnetic field is applied. It is synthesized with PEGDA hydrogel. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [38], © 2011, Macmillan Publishers Limited). e Schematic of the synthesizing method of the biomimetic soft micromachines with photo-patterning fabrication (left). The image also shows the optical image with different types of complex micromachines driven by the rotating uniform magnetic fields. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [47], © 2016, Nature Publishing Group)

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