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Fig. 5 | Nano Convergence

Fig. 5

From: Nanocomposite hydrogel actuators hybridized with various dimensional nanomaterials for stimuli responsiveness enhancement

Fig. 5

a Schematic of the synthesis of nanofibrillated cellulose aligned hydrogel via the shear-induced biomimetic 4D printing method. Photographs of the actuation of complex flower morphologies oriented with long axis of each petal, and with time lapse during the swelling process. (a was reproduced with permission from Ref. [50], © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited). b Schematic of the synthesis of bilayer actuators using a sequential electrospinning method. The actuator comprises TPU (blue) and PNIPAAm (pink) using a UV cross-linking method. The materials were cut in different angles to obtain various orientations. c The actuation of the bilayer hydrogel depends on diverse orientations of the fibers in water at different temperatures. (b, c were reproduced with permission from Ref. [51], © 2015, WILEY–VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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