Fig. 7
From: Laser digital patterning of conductive electrodes using metal oxide nanomaterials
a TEM image of synthesized NiOx NPs. b Spin-coated NiOx thin film on a glass substrate. c SEM image of the surface of the NiOx film shown in b. d, e Top-view SEM images of mesh-type electrodes with different magnifications. The insets in d show elemental mapping images obtained via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. f Mesh-type Ni electrodes with different pitches on a PI substrate. The top and bottom insets show bright-field microscopic images of the mesh patterns generated with 20- and 80-μm pitches, respectively (a–f reproduced with permission from Ref. [105]. Copyright American Chemical Society 2014). g Schematics of the overall experimental procedures of the NiO NP inkjet printing and sintering processes; (i) NiO inkjet printing, (ii) hotplate (oven) sintering for NiO electrodes, (iii) selective laser reductive sintering for Ni electrodes, and (iv) removal of un-sintered parts via washing. h Photographs of Ni patterns formed by laser reductive sintering after washing to remove non-irradiated parts. The inset shows a cross-sectional profile of the Ni pattern. i, j Single dot of Ni and Ni/NiO hybrid electrode, respectively, obtained via laser reductive sintering. The scale bars indicate 20 μm (g–j reproduced with permission from Ref. [108]. Copyright Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016)