Fig. 5

Hydrothermal ZNW growth results using spin-coated seed coatings: a SEM image of the nanoscale texture of the seed surface, b optical image and c SEM image of the 4” wafer-scale ZNW growth result, and d–e top and side morphologies of the ZNWs grown on spin-coated seed coatings for different growth times. All growths are done at 90 °C