Table 1 Summary of recent significant works on electrospinning design of GNMs with polymer matrices using pre-processing methods

GO

PVDF

DMF: acetone

4:1 wt/wt%

–

Hydrophobic modification of GO with subsequent sonication and stirring

(27.7 cm; 24.1 kV; 1.23 mL/h)

[140]

rGO

PANCMA

DMF

TiO₂

Ultrasonication and microwave heating

(30 cm; 14 kV; 0.02 mL/h)

[141]

GO

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene carbonate)

DMF solvent

PBC

Stirring

18 kV

[142]

GO

PCL

DMF: DCM 1:1

–

Stirring

14 cm; 18 kV; 10 mL/h

[143]

rGO

poly (ester amide) (PEA)

Ultrasonication bath

(12 cm; 20 kV; 0.1 mL/h)

[144]

GR

PLA

DCM: TFA

2:1 v/v

–

Ultrasonication

(15 cm; 10–20 kV, 2 mL/h)

[33]

GR

PU

THF: DMAC

3:2 w/v

–

Ultrasonication

(10 cm; 15 kV; 1 mL/h)

[145]

GO

PAN

DMF

–

Probe and bath sonication and stirring

(15 cm; 18 kV; 0.2 mL/h)

[146]

Gr

66nylon

TFA: acetone

1:1 v/v

–

Bath and tip sonication

(15–20 cm; 15–20 kV; 0.17 to 0.5 mL/h)

[147]

Gr

Polycaprolactone

DMF

–

Stirring

(10 cm; 10–14 kV; 0.4–0.5 mL/h)

[148]

GO

PLGA

1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)

–

Stirring

(10 cm; 40 kV; 0.07–0.1 mL/min)

[149]

GO/MWCNT

PEO

DMF

Sonication and vigorous stirring

(15 cm; 18.4 kV; 0.5 mL/h)

[150]

GR

Polyamide 66

Formic acid

–

Stirring

(15 cm; 20 kV;0.25 mL/h)

[151]

GO

PVDF

DMF

–

Sonication and stirring

(15 cm; 18 kV; 1 mL/h)

[152]

GO-ZnO

Gum arabic (GA) and PVA

–

Stirring and heating

(130 mm; 0–50 kV)

[130]

GO

Polyurethane (PU)

DMF

Ag

Stirring and heating

(18 cm; 18 kV;1 mL/h)

[153]

GO

poly(Acrylonitrile-co-maleic acid

DMF

–

Microwave heating and ultrasonication

(12; 25 kV; 0.03 mL/h)

[154]

Graphene Nano sheets

poly (Trimethylene terephthalate)

TFA

–

Stirring

(14 cm;

[155]

GO

CA

DMF: acetone

2:3 wt/wt%

–

Sonication and heating and stirring

(15 cm; 27 kV; 0.13 mL/h)

[156]

GO

PLA

DMF

–

Stirring

(6 cm; 20 kV; 1 mL/h)

[157]

rGO

Polystyrene (PS)

(DMF: THF) 1:1

–

Magnetic stirrer

22 kV

[158]

GQD

PAN

DMF

–

DMF Magnetic stirring

240 cm; 15 kV; 0.63 mL/h

[159]

GO

CA

Acetone/DMAc (w/w 2:1)

–

Stirring

(8–10 cm; 20–25 kV; 1.5 mL/h)

[160]

Fluorine-doped GO, GO, and GOCOOH

PVDF

DMAC: acetone (v/v 4:6)

1 g of selectfluor and 0.1 g silver nitrate

Stirring

(12 cm; 25 kV; 0.5 mL/h)

[161]

rGO

PVP/Chitosan

Acetic acid: water

9:1 (w/v)

–

Stirring

(6 cm; 22 kV; 0.5 mL/h)

[162]

rGO

PMMA/PANI

DMF

Stirring and sonication

(15 cm;18–20 kV; 0.3 mL/h)

[163]

GO

PLA/PCL

CF: DMF (v/v = 4/1)

–

Magnetic stirring and sonication

(20 cm; 20 kV)

[164]

GR

PVDF

Sonication and stirring

(17 cm; 20 kV; 1 mL/h)

[165]

GR

PCL

Acetic acid

Gelatin

Sonication and stirring

(15 cm, 10–20 kV; 0.2–1.8 mL/h)

[166]

Gr and GO

PVDF

Ultrasonication probe (100 W, 40 kHz, 15 mints)

(100 mm; 16 kV; 2 mL/h)

[167]