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Table 2 Summary of recent significant works on electrospinning design of GNMs with polymer matrices using post-processing methods

From: Graphene impregnated electrospun nanofiber sensing materials: a comprehensive overview on bridging laboratory set-up to industry

GNMs

ES NFs

Postprocessing method

Mechanism

Potential applications

Refs.

Ag-AQGO

PEO/PVA

Wet chemical route method

The ESNFs were immersed into the as-prepared Ag-AQRGO solution to self-assemble the negatively Ag-AQRGO onto the positively charged NFs in an aqueous solution. The Ag-AQRGO was further washed away with deionized water. After drying in air, the AgNP-3D-AQRGO sensor was obtained

Gas sensors

[32]

PEDOT-CNT/rGO

PVDF-TrFE

Spray coating

PEDOT-CNT/rGO is decorated on ES PVDF-TrFE NFs following these steps:

1. Functionalization of PVDF-TrFE ES NF: using dip coating of ethanol, potassium hydroxide and potassium permanganate and finally hydrogen peroxide.

2. Spraying of the positively charged MCNTs suspension and negatively biased rGO solution on the functionalized PVDF-TrFE ESNF

3. Coating of PEDOT on the substrate to further enhance the electrical conductivity and sensitivity.

Piezo-electric pressure sensor and wearable smart textiles

[33]

rGO

PVP/InCl3

Ultrasonic dispersion

The hybrid nanofibers (NFI-rGO) were obtained via ultrasonic dispersion of 2 mg NFI in a rGO aqueous suspension (0.1 mg mL−1) for 5 min

Gass sensing in different environments. with 44 ppb detection limit and a response time of 17 s

[34]

rGO

PVA

Cross linking and chemical radiation modification method

The PVA nanofibers were crosslinked (to make them stable and water resistant) with UV-light of 253.7 nm (UV-340 lamp) at 30 W with different duration (15, 30, 45 and 75 min) and then they were kept in both water and PBS solutions to optimize crosslinking duration

Filtration, sensors/biosensors, thin films and packaging

[35]