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Fig. 1 | Nano Convergence

Fig. 1

From: Ultrafast optical manipulation of magnetic order in ferromagnetic materials

Fig. 1

a Time evolution of type I demagnetization at low fluence (blue curve), scaled low fluence (blue dotted curve), and high fluence (red curve). b Time evolution of type II demagnetization. c Time dependence of the magnetic momentum of Ni for different cases. d Time evolution of electron spin Se, electron orbital Le, ion orbital Lion, and total angular momentum for a two-atom Ni dimer. e Schematic illustration of interactions in the ultrafast demagnetization process. f Calculated maximal demagnetization ratio ∆m versus the initial spin disorder ∆θ in Ni. The blue circle and red circle are the fixed basis rt-TDDFT simulation with and without electron–electron interaction, respectively. Figures a and b are reproduced with permission from ref. [20]. Copyright (2009) Springer Nature. Figure c–f are reproduced with permission from ref. [45]. Copyright (2019) the authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science

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