Application of MXenes in environmental remediation technologies

Nano Convergence

Table 2 Performance of MXene-based membranes in water purification

Membranes	Pollutants	Experimental condition	Support layer	Thickness (nm)	Pure water flux L/(Bar·h·m²)	Removal (%)	Reference
Ti₃C₂T_x	Li⁺ Na⁺ K⁺ Ni²⁺ Mg²⁺ Ca²⁺ AL³⁺ MB⁺	–	PVDF	1500	37.4	–	[42]
Ti₃C₂T_x	Rhodamine B Evans blue Cytochrome [Fe(CN)₆]⁻³ TMPyP BSA Au NPs	Dead-end/cross-flow C_o = 10–20 mg/L	AAO	200–1000	806 1084 1056 1120 921 790 1028	85 90 97 32 93 100 99	[43]
Ti₃C₂T_x—GO	Brilliant blue Rose Bengal Methylene blue Methylene red MgSO₄ NaCl	Dead-end C_o = 10 mg/L C_o= 0.1 M	PC, nylon	20–90	0.23 0.67 0.3 2.1 2.35 2.25	100 93.5 99.5 61 < 11 < 11	[44]
Ti₃C₂T_x	Congo red Gentian violet MgCl₂ Na₂SO₄ NaCl	Dead-end C_o = 100–1,000 mg/L	PES	-	115 L m⁻² h⁻¹ 117.6 L m⁻² h⁻¹ 460 L m⁻² h⁻¹ 632 L m⁻² h⁻¹ 435 L m⁻² h⁻¹	92.3 80.3 23 13.2 13.8	[45]
Ag/Ti₃C₂T_x	Rhodamine B Methyl green Bovine serum albumin NaCl MgCl₂ AlCl₃	dead-end C_o = 50–100 mg/L C_o = 2000 mg/L	PVDF	470	387.05 354.29 345.81 – – –	79.9 92.3 100 25.8 41.3 49.5	[46]
Ti₃C₂T_x	PM2.5	–	PAN	1.25	–	99.7%	[47]

PVDF polyvinylidene difluoride, AAO anodic aluminum oxide, PC polycarbonate, PES: polyethersulfone, PAN polyacrylonitrile