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Table 2 Photocatalytic hydrogen production from saccharides using visible light sources

From: Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from biomass conversion

Photocatalyst

Saccharides

Power intensity

Production rates

mmol h−1 gcat−1

Refs.

mW cm−2

Pt/TiO2

Glucose

300

(Solar simulator)

2.4

Kondarides et al. 2010 [107]

Pt/Holey carbon nitride-N-acetylethanolamine (HCN-NEA)

Glucose

–

(300 W Xe > 420 nm)

5.5808

Liu et al. 2020 [77]

Au/CdS-nanorods

Glucose

–

(300 W Xe > 400 nm)

0.09

Wang et al. 2020 [8]

Pt/TiO2

Galactose

–

(450 W Xe)

–

(ca. 5.5 µmol min−1)

Kondarides et al. 2008 [9]

HCN-NEA

Galactose

–

(300 W Xe > 420 nm)

–

(156.3 µmol h−1)

Liu et al. 2020 [77]

Pt/TiO2

Mannose

300

(Xe solar)

1.725

Kondarides et al. 2010 [107]

Pt/TiO2

Ribose

300

(Xe solar)

2.175

Kondarides et al. 2010 [107]

Pt/TiO2

Lactose

–

(450 W Xe)

–

(4 µmol min−1)

Kondarides et al. 2010 [107]

HCN-NEA

Cellobiose

–

(300 W Xe > 420 nm)

–

(75.6 µmol h−1)

Liu et al. 2020 [77]

Pt/TiO2

Cellulose

– (Natural Sunlight)

–

(33 µmol over 4 h)

Speltini et al. 2014 [17]

TiO2/NiOx@Cg

Cellulose

–

(500 W Xe)

0.27

Zhang et al. 2018 [42]

Pt/TiO2

Brewery/Dairy effluent

50

(Solar Simulator)

ca. 0.286/ca. 0.00

Speltini et al. 2019 [106]

Cu-Ni/TiO2

Brewery/Dairy effluent

50

(Solar Simulator)

ca. 0.150/ca. 0.080

Speltini et al. 2019 [106]

Cu-Ni/o–g-C3N4

Brewery/Dairy effluent

50

(Solar Simulator)

ca. 0.040/ca. 0.035

Speltini et al. 2019 [106]

Pt/o–g-C3N4

Brewery/Dairy effluent

50

(Solar Simulator)

ca. 0.120/ca. 0.110

Speltini et al. 2019 [106]