Fig. 3

a Schematic of interfacial interaction between the bacterial cells and the 3D HPN surface. b SEM images of 3D HPN captured E.coli O157:H7 cells under different magnifications. c Synchronous (left) and asynchronous (right) 2D correlations of the IR spectra of 3D HPN captured E.coli cells during E. coli O157:H7 adsorption