Fig. 5

Comparison of bacteria-capturing capabilities of the 3D HPN by a touching and b dropping method. SEM images showed that E. coli O157:H7 cells were attached to the 3D HPN. The genomic DNA of captured E. coli O157:H7 on the 3D HPN was amplified in PCR, and amplicons were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Verification of the versatility of the 3D HPN for three model pathogens covering Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria of c E. coli O157:H7, d S. aureus, and e S. enteritidis. f Gel electrophoresis results of the three pathogens. g Real-time PCR results of captured E. coli O157:H7 cells in the finger-touching method and cultured cells in LB broth without recovery step from the 3D HPN at a cell number of 10³‒10⁷ CFU/mL