Fig. 12From: Quantifying and controlling bond multivalency for advanced nanoparticle targeting to cellsA Two ligating units (LU1 and LU2) that comprise component D can bind to receptor R at sites 1 and 2. B Graph of [D]1/2, or free receptors, vs root mean squared (RMS) linker length (r) between the two ligating units. An asymmetry in the curve is observed, with a minima around 40Â Ã…, followed by a subsequent slow increase with RMS linker length. Below 40Â Ã…, decreasing RMS linker length causes [D]1/2 to increase rapidly. This confirms that a linker length larger than the minima of 40Â Ã… would tend to reduce the concentration of free receptors, increasing the concentration of bound ligating units, increasing avidity. From reference [70]Back to article page