Rationale of air-stable SLBs formation from a sucrose–bicelle complex system. The potential of sucrose–bicelle mixtures to form SLBs was systematically investigated as a function of sucrose concentration by QCM-D, fluorescence microscopy, and FRAP techniques. The air-stable SLBs were fabricated by dehydrating the SLBs in sucrose solutions. The sucrose molecules in these air-stable SLBs interacted with phospholipids via hydrogen bonds, thereby protecting membranes from dehydration