Table 1 Typical materials and preparation strategy applied for sustained-release nanopesticides
Matrix material/ active ingredient | Fabrication strategy/method | Refs. |
|---|---|---|
Sodium Alginate /Imidacloprid | Entrapment/Emulsion cross linking technology | [31] |
Starch Acetate /Avermectin | Entrapment/Emulsion-solvent evaporation (PME technology) | [32] |
Hypromellose Acetate Succinate/Abamectin | Entrapment/Nanoprecipitation | [33] |
Sodium Lignosulfonate and CTAB /Avermectin- | Entrapment/Electrostatic Self-Assembly | [36] |
Benzoyl Lignin /λ-Cyhalothrin | Entrapment/Nanoprecipitation | [37] |
PLA /Chlorantraniliprole | Entrapment/Emulsion-Solvent Evaporation (PME technology) | [40] |
PLGA /Pyraclostrobin | Entrapment/Emulsion-Solvent Evaporation (microfluidic technology) | [41] |
Synthetic Polymer/Difenoconazole, Prochloraz, Pyraclostrobin, and Tebuconazole | Entrapment/ “Hat”-Shaped Janus Carriers Formed by Emulsion Interfacial Polymerization | [42] |
Synthetic Castor Oil-Based Polyurethanes /Avermectin | Entrapment/Emulsion-Solvent Evaporation | [43] |
Calcium Carbonate /Validamycin | Entrapment/Reversed-phase Microemulsion | [47] |
Active Carbon/2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Sodium | Physical Adsorption | [48] |
Porous Silica Nanosphere /Imidacloprid | [49] | |
Zirconium-based MOF /Pyrethroids | [59] | |
Iron-Based MOFs /Chlorantraniliprole | [60] | |
Aluminum-Based MOFs/ Azoxystrobin and Diniconazole | [61] | |
Iron-based MOFs /Diniconazole | [62] | |
Fe3O4-MOF Core–shell Nanocarrier/Imidacloprid | [63] | |
Zinc MOF /ortho-Disulfides | Entrapment With Further Modification with β-Cyclodextrin | [64] |