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Nano Convergence
Fig. 5 | Nano Convergence

Fig. 5

From: Ultrasensitive and real-time optical detection of cellular oxidative stress using graphene-covered tunable plasmonic interfaces

Fig. 5

Real-time monitoring of ROS generated from the living cells on the plasmonic NP-graphene interface. a–d Immunofluorescence images of the normal cell (HDF) and cancer cell (A375P) cultured on the glass slide. a, b), plasmonic SNP-graphene interface; c, d (i) F-actin (green), (ii) α-tubulin (red), (iii) Nuclei (blue), and (iv) merge. The scale bars represent 40 μm. e–g Time-resolved spectral changes induced by ROS generated from the cells under three different cellular conditions, including normal cells (e), NaAsO2-exposed normal cells (f), and cancer cells (g). h Plots of time-resolved changes in the quenching dip at 550 nm induced by ROS in e–g. (i) Quantitative analysis for DCFDA intensity in fluorescence images of intracellular ROS in Additional file 1: Fig. S7 (n = 10 for each group). Statical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA (** indicates p ≤ 0.01, *** represents p ≤ 0.001)

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