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Fig. 9 | Nano Convergence

Fig. 9

From: Plasmonic sensors based on graphene and graphene hybrid materials

Fig. 9

Graphene and graphene-based hybrid structures for photosensing. a Schematic illustration (left) and AFM image (right) of graphene micro-ribbon arrays for light detection in THz range. Reprinted by permission from Springer Nature Customer Service Centre GmbH: Springer Nature, Nature Nanotechnology, Graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials, Long Ju et al., Copyright 2011 [10]. b Schematic illustration of graphene nanoribbons for mid-IR light detection. Reprinted by permission from Springer Nature Customer Service Centre GmbH: Springer Nature, Nature Communications, Photocurrent in graphene harnessed by tunable intrinsic plasmons, Marcus Freitag et al., Copyright 2013 [17]. c GDPRs (red circles) connected by quasi-1D graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). Dashed lines represent the unperturbed chemical potential. Solid curves are the disorder potential. Filled and open circles refer to electrons and holes, respectively. The bottom right shows two charge carrier transport mechanisms: thermal-carrier excitation (TCE) transport and nearest-neighbor hopping (NNH) transport. Reprinted by permission from Springer Nature Customer Service Centre GmbH: Springer Nature, Nature Materials, Efficient electrical detection of mid-infrared graphene plasmons at room temperature, Qiushi Guo et al., Copyright 2018 [21]. d SEM image (left) and schematic illustration (right) of an Au nanogap antenna with graphene in the gap. Scale bar is 100 nm (5 μm for inset). Reprinted with permission from [136]. Copyright 2011 American Chemical Society. e Finger type Ti/Au plasmonic nanostructures on graphene. The right figure indicates the photovoltage map illuminated with 514 nm light with transverse polarization. Scale bar is 1 μm. Reprinted by permission from Springer Nature Customer Service Centre GmbH: Springer Nature, Nature Communications, Strong plasmonic enhancement of photovoltage in graphene, Echtermeyer et al., Copyright 2011 [137]. f Schematic illustration of graphene photodetector with AuNPs (left), and SEM image of AuNPs on a graphene surface (right). Scale bar is 100 nm. Reprinted by permission from Springer Nature Customer Service Centre GmbH: Springer Nature, Nature Communications, Plasmon resonance enhanced multicolour photodetection by graphene, Yuan Liu et al., Copyright 2011 [112]. g Schematic illustration of a single Au heptamer sandwiched between two monolayer graphene sheets (left) and SEM image of an Au heptamer (right). The scale bar in the inset of the right figure is 100 nm. Reproduced with permission from [138]. Copyright 2012 American Chemical Society. h Photodetector based on Au-patched graphene nano-stripes for utilizing maximum metal-graphene interfaces for enhanced photocurrent. Reprinted under the terms of the Creative Commons License from [142]. Copyright 2018 The Authors. Published by Springer Nature. i Schematic illustration of a graphene photodetector integrating both optical heating enhancement (via gap plasmonic structures) and electrical junction enhancement (via split gates). Reprinted under the terms of the Creative Commons License from [144]. Copyright 2020 The Authors. Published by Springer Nature. j Schematic illustration of a single photon detection device using a Josephson junction. From [147]. Reprinted with permission from AAAS

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