Fig. 11

a TEM image of NR-hIAPP helical assembly and reconstructed model from the TEM image. Pitch of the nanohelices were represented by the circles. b g-factor spectra for the coassembly process of hIAPPs with AuNRs. The g-factor reached to 0.12 after the coassembly completed. c Photographs of the red light transmitted through pure NR (left) and NR-hIAPP assemblies (right) under cross-polarized conditions. d Photographs of the red light transmitted through NR-hIAPP assemblies with different g-factors (top) and coassembled from various hIAPP concentrations (bottom). Reproduced with permission from [15]. Copyright 2021 AAAS. e Schematic image of stacking process and SEM and AFM height images of AuNP assembled into dimer chains inside nanochannels. Scale bar, 500 nm. f CD spectra for the chiral metasurfaces with stacking angles from  ± 45° over ± 30°, ± 20° and ± 10° to 0°. g CD spectra for the chiral metasurfaces stacked at − 45° under compression normal to the bilayers. Reproduced with permission from [74].