Scheme 9.

Scheme depicting a vision for the future development of personalized therapies based on phototherapeutic membrane-wrapped NPs. Individual patient’s own cancer cells (obtained from a biopsy) could be used to create both membrane-wrapped NPs and tumor-on-a-chip models that would be implemented to test the efficacy of PTT alone or in combination regimens. The most effective strategy identified in the model could then be administered to the patient. Portions of this figure were produced using Servier Medical Art templates (https://smart.servier.com). Servier Medical Art by Servier is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License