Fig. 5

A Immunostaining for serum albumin (green) in the microbial co-cultured spheroids for 10 days. The nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars are 50 μm. B Analysis of the function of microbial co-cultured spheroids, measuring in terms of the secretion of albumin (left) and urea (right). Data are represented as the mean ± standard error (SEM) of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 for control vs. each group, **p < 0.01 for control vs. each group, and ^††p < 0.01 for wild type vs. each experimental microbiota