Fig. 5
From: The development progress of multi-array colourimetric sensors based on the M13 bacteriophage
(a–d Reproduced with permission from Ref. [54]. Copyright 2014, Nature Publishing Group)
Specific target detection using genetically engineered M13 bacteriophage. a 2700 copies of the TNT-binding receptor (WHWQ) identified by directed evolution which are genetically engineered onto the surface of M13 bacteriophage. b Detection sensitivity of colour band regarding TNT. The dashed red line indicates the sensitivity limit against TNT. c Photos and processed colour fingerprints of colour band after TNT, DNT, and MNT exposure. d Principal component analysis (PCA) plot of the colour changes resulting from the exposure of the Phage litmus to TNT, DNT, and MNT