Colloidal inorganic nano- and microparticles for passive daytime radiative cooling

Woo, Ho Young; Choi, Yoonjoo; Chung, Hyesun; Lee, Da Won; Paik, Taejong

doi:10.1186/s40580-023-00365-7

Nano Convergence

Table 1 Summary of materials, and properties of RC materials

From: Colloidal inorganic nano- and microparticles for passive daytime radiative cooling

Materials	Size	Shape	Rsolar	ε	Measurement date	Location	Cooling performance	Refs.
Al₂O₃	10–20 nm	Spherical	0.9465	0.9163	May 2019	Seoul, South Korea	Temperature drops of 10.35 ℃ with a cooling power density of 106.43 W/m²	[65]
BaSO₄	400 nm	Spherical	0.976	0.96	March 2018	Indiana, United States	Temperature drops of 4.5 ℃ with a cooling power density of 117 W/m²	[51]
BaSO₄	400 nm	Spherical	0.986	0.981	September 2021	Wuhan, China	Temperature drops of 2.5 ℃ with a cooling power density of 125.8 W/m²	[117]
CaCO₃	1.9 μm (length), 500 nm (diameter)	Rod	0.955	0.94	March 2018	Indiana, United States	Temperature drops of 1.7 ℃ with a cooling power density of 37 W/m²	[54]
CaCO₃	20–30 μm	N/A	N/A	0.896	April 2022	Seoul, South Korea	Temperature drops of 6.52 ℃ with a cooling power density of 93.1 W/m²	[118]
MgHPO₄·1.2H₂O	100–200 nm	Irregular sheet	0.922	0.94	November 2019	Guangzhou, China	Temperature drops of 4.1 ℃ with a cooling power density of 78.18 W/m²	[119]
polysilsequioxane	1.14 µm	Spherical	0.9383	0.9429	May 2022	Hangzhou, China	Temperature drops of 3.6 ℃ with a cooling power density of 56.5 W/m²	[120]
SiO₂	200–450 nm	Spherical	0.7	0.95	N/A	Shenzhen, China	Temperature drops of 11.2 ℃ with a cooling power density of 45 W/m²	[60]
SiO₂	300–700 nm	Spherical	0.97	0.94	N/A	Shenzhen, China	Temperature drops of 15.9 ℃	[61]
SiO₂	< 1 μm	Spherical	N/A	N/A	N/A	Shanghai, China	Temperature drops of 1.0–2.5 ℃	[121]
SiO₂	< 5 μm	Spherical	0.96	0.95	October	Nanjing, China	Temperature drops of 6.2 ℃	[122]
SiO₂	400 nm	Spherical	0.972	0.943	September 2020	Seoul, South Korea	Temperature drops of 6.12 ℃ with a cooling power density of 40.75 W/m²	[74]
SiO₂	8 μm	Spherical	0.96	0.93	October 2016	Arizona, United States	Cooling power density of 93 W/m²	[44]
SiO₂	2 μm	Spherical	0.97	0.94	May	New Mexico, United States	Temperature drops of 12 ℃	[56]
SiO₂	6–14 μm	Spherical	0.97	0.96	May 2019	Shanghai, China	Temperature drops of 6 ℃ with a cooling power density of 61 W/m²	[59]
SiO₂	10 μm	Spherical	0.96	0.9	N/A	Illinois, United States	Temperature drops of 6.1 ℃ with a cooling power density of 85 W/m²	[62]
SiO₂, SiC	50 nm	Spherical	N/A	0.95	N/A	Sydney, Australia	Temperature drops of 17 ℃ (nighttime)	[64]
SiO₂, SiC, TiO₂	50 nm, 50 nm, 1 μm	Spherical	0.907	0.90	September 2016	Shanghai, China	Temperature drops of 5 ℃ with a cooling power density of 150 W/m² (nighttime)	[68]
SiO₂, BaSO₄	4 µm, 400 nm	Spherical	0.95	0.96	October 2020	Weihai, China	Temperature drops of 8.1 ℃ with a cooling power density of 89.6 W/m²	[123]
SiO₂, Al₂O₃	0.8–1.6 μm	Spherical	0.941	0.935	October 2020	Seoul, South Korea	Temperature drops of 7.9 ℃ with a cooling power density of 100 W/m²	[52]
SiO₂, Al₂O₃	40–60 nm, 20–40 nm	Spherical	N/A	0.74	October 2021	Seoul, South Korea	Temperature drops of 9.67 ℃ with a cooling power density of 89.51 W/m²	[16]
SiO₂- Zn₂SiO₄ core-shell	1–10 μm	Spherical	0.96	0.94	May 2021	Nanjing, China	Temperature drops of 4.1 ℃ with a cooling power density of 85.8 W/m²	[58]
SiO₂-TiO₂ core-shell	12.85 μm	Spherical	0.97	0.95	August 2021	Beijing, China	Temperature drops of 5.26 ℃	[124]
TiO₂	400 nm	Spherical	0.9	0.9	N/A	N/A	Cooling power density of 100 W/m²	[69]
TiO₂, glass MPs	400 nm, 40 μm	Spherical	0.898	0.96	October 2018	Beijing, China	Temperature drops of 6 ℃ with a cooling power density of 84.2 W/m²	[57]
TiO₂, Y₂O₃	200–400 nm, 1–5 μm	N/A	0.922	0.949	April 2022	Tianjin, China	Temperature drops of 7.7 ℃ with a cooling power density of 72.5 W/m²	[71]
ZnO	300–800 nm	Spherical	0.9	N/A	N/A	California, United States	Temperature drops of 10 ℃ with a cooling power density of 200 W/m²	[50]
ZnO	50 nm	N/A	0.97	0.95	May 2021	Nanjing, China	Temperature drops of 4.3 ℃ with a cooling power density of 97.4 W/m²	[125]

Solar reflectance (R_solar) and emissivity (ε) denote the solar reflectivity and IR emissivity of the listed RC materials, respectively

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