Fig. 7

Schematic illustration of a vacuum-assisted solution processing, and d spin coating. Reprinted with permission from [58], Copyright 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science. b Illustration showing surface treatment of vacuum-assisted perovskite films. Reprinted with permission from [59], Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry. c Illustration of 4-guanidinobutanoic acid forming 2D perovskites at the grain boundaries. Reprinted with permission from [60], Copyright 2021, The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH e Pre-synthesized 3D MAPbCl₃ and 1D ABTPbI₃) microcrystals as seed crystals during the film formation. Reprinted with permission from [61], Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH GmbH f Schematic illustration of inkjet printing perovskite films and SEM images depicting film morphologies given by the balance between amounts of PbAc₂ and PbCl₂. Reprinted with permission from [47], Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH GmbH g Schematic illustration of gravure printing process and the resulting films. Reprinted with permission from [62], Copyright 2021, The Author(s), published by Elsevier