Fig. 5

2D materials composited Li metal anodes. a Schematic of the material design and the consequent synthetic procedures from a GO film (left) to a sparked rGO film (middle) to a layered Li–rGO composite film (right). Reprinted with permission from [134]. Copyright 2016, Nature Publishing Group. b Schematic illustration of the stripping and plating states of perpendicular MXene–Li and rGO–Li arrays. Reprinted with permission from [135]. Copyright 2020, Wiley–VCH. c Schematical diagram of the fabrication process of the Li-2D MoN composite anode; SEM images of Li–MoN anode (d) and Li anode (e) after 30 cycling tests. Reprinted with permission from [136]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier. 2D materials composited Li metal anodes can effectively alleviate volume change