Table 6 Summary of dECM and additive nanobioinks used to fabricate various in vitro tissue types
From: Nanomaterials-incorporated hydrogels for 3D bioprinting technology
Base ECM | Nanocomponent | Function of the nanocomponent | Printed shape | Application | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Methacryloyl-modified SIS dECM (SISMA) | Fully exfoliated GO nanosheets | Electrostimulation of 3D bioprinted tissue constructs | Porous lattice structure | Constructing 3D bioprinted tissue (Not specified) | [265] |
SIS dECM | Sr2+/Fe3+ co-doped nHAp | Osteogenic and angiogenic cues | Multilayered lattice scaffold | Bone tissue | [266] |
Bone dECM | MWCNTs | Cardiac contractility enhancer | hPSC-CM-laden 3D scaffold | Cardiac tissue | [267] |
Skin dECM | Electrospun PLGA nanofibrous sheet  +  Skin-derived dECM nanofiber scaffold | Wound-healing properties Tissue regeneration cues | Bilayer (upper: epidermis layer; lower: dermis layer) membranous (BLM) nanofiber scaffold | Skin tissue | [268] |
Limitations of dECM-based systems | Despite their compositional similarity to native tissues, the solubilization and thermal cross-linking processes in dECM hydrogel production impair the native fibrous protein structures and long-term structural stability, respectively | ||||