Table 7 3D printed in vitro tissue-integrated monitoring platforms using ECM hydrogel-based nanobiomaterials.
From: Nanomaterials-incorporated hydrogels for 3D bioprinting technology
Base ECM | Nanocomponent | Function of the nanocomponent | Application (Type of printing) | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
GelMA | Self-assembled flower-like copper oxide nanoparticles (FCONp) and hydrazide-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-CDH) | Electrical conductivity enhancer | 3D intestinal microvillus-mimetic electrochemical cell sensor for detection of allergen (stereolithography-based 3D printing) | [277] |
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) | Electrical conductivity enhancer | Observation of (malignant) cell and tissue (extrusion and drop-on-demand microvalve-based printing) | [278] | |
Alginate/methyl-cellulose | O2-sensitive luminescent styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (PSMA) nanoparticles | Luminescent indicators for O2 concentration | Non-invasive, optical observation of oxygen dynamics and metabolic activity of cell and tissue (extrusion-based 3D printing) | [279] |
Methacrylated chitosan (ChiMA) | Chemically converted graphene (CCG) nanosheets | Mechanical reinforcer Electrical conductivity enhancer | Biodegradable conducting substrates (Extrusion-based 3D printing) | [280] |