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Nano Convergence
Fig. 4 | Nano Convergence

Fig. 4

From: Upconverting-photon quenching-mediated perforation influx as an intracellular delivery method using posAuNP@UCNPs nanocomposites for osteoarthritis treatment

Fig. 4

Observation of posAuNP@UCNPs localization and confirmation of transient perforation and re-sealing of the plasma membrane in C28/I2 cells under IR irradiation. A Observation of posAuNP@UCNPs localization after 10 min on the NP-treated C28/I2 cells (suspension status). B Time-lapse, voxel images, and diagram of transient perforation and re-sealing under IR under conditions after irradiation in C28/I2 cells for up to 20 min (adherent status). Images were taken every 10 s from T0 (0 min) to T180 (20 min). White filled arrows indicate the pore formation area on the plasma membrane and white hollow arrows indicates the re-sealing area after pore formation. This set used posAuNP@UCNPs 1:5. Scale bar, 5 μm. C The graph of line profiling from B 159 s and pore diameter. The blue line indicates the average value. D Changes in intracellular calcium levels over time after treatment of C28/I2 cells with posAuNP@UCNPs 1:5. Red arrows indicate posAuNP@UCNPs 1:5

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