Scheme. 1

Schematic diagram of the formation process and action of posAuNP@UCNPs. A posAuNP was prepared using DOPA-PEI on bare AuNP. B posAuNP was then combined with carboxyl-UCNP to form posAuNP@UCNPs. Panel B shows the absorbance of UCNP at a wavelength of 980 nm and the light emitted at a wavelength of 545 nm. Subsequently, a process in which posAuNP absorbs light of 545 nm occurs. C The upconverting-photon quenching-mediated perforation influx (UCPPin) process that occurs in cells