Fig. 2

Morphology of Caco-2 epithelial cells cultured in the microfluidic-based gut chip for 5 days. A Distribution of the tight junction protein, ZO-1, and villin in Caco-2 cell monolayers. White dot lines indicate the microchannel wall. Scale bars are 100 μm. B Morphological analysis of polarized columnar epithelium. Fluorescence confocal micrographs (vertical cross-sectional views at 5 days after onset) highlight cell shape and polarity. Horizontal scale bars are 50 μm and vertical scale bars are 25 μm. C Average height of Caco-2 cells grown in the gut chip. D Microbial co-culture on a human intestinal epithelial layer in the gut chip. White dot lines indicate the microchannel wall. Scale bars are 100 μm. E Fluorescence confocal micrographs depicting colonies of the green-labeled microbiome cultured on the intestinal epithelium on-chip for 5 days. Horizontal scale bars are 50 μm and vertical scale bars are 25 μm