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Nano Convergence
Fig. 3 | Nano Convergence

Fig. 3

From: Electrochemical random-access memory: recent advances in materials, devices, and systems towards neuromorphic computing

Fig. 3

ECRAM and ReRAM structures, operation, and ECRAM publication trends. a ECRAM structure comprises layers from bottom to top, including the channel, electrolyte, and reservoir layers, with horizontal read and vertical program operations. b ECRAM operation displays continuous potentiation and depression (top) with the amount of change for each pulse (bottom) c ReRAM structure comprises layers from bottom to top, including switching and scavenging layers, with the same direction for read and program operations. d ReRAM operation is the same as in b [39]. e Research publications related to ECRAM, which are tracked over the years

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