Fig. 4

Electrical characteristics of lithium ion-based ECRAM. a Average change in conductance in accordance with pulse width while maintaining an identical gate current. b The average change in conductance along with pulse amplitude while keeping the same pulse width. c 10⁵ pulses endurance with a 100 ns pulse width and \(\pm\) 100 μA pulse amplitudes. d Switching characteristics with 5 ns pulses with an amplitude of \(\pm\) 1 mA. e Projection of 1 fJ for switching energy, using a 100 × 100 nm² device. a–e Adapted with permission [54].